ࡱ> g &bjbjVV 4r<r<&&&0\P%g} $$$$$$$$H'):$gg$ %$$r#T$(NxPkz'$$ %0P%5$V4*4*$4*$0$$P%4*& F: LECTURE 6 THE PASTORS STUDY 1. THE OFFICE 1.1 The place where we physically study is important. We may not have much choice, but, when we do, it is worth giving careful thought to it. We are all creatures of habit, and are helped by atmosphere. If we associate a particular room, or even a table or desk, with study, we will find study much easier when we come to it. If it is possible to set apart a complete room - no matter how small - just for study that is a great boon. (20/90) The middle room at 57 Victoria Road ten feet by twelve, at once became my study, where the 300 to 400 books which Dr Lloyd-Jones had brought with him from London soon lined the walls. In a real sense that the room was to become the centre of the work, not only as the place where young converts were to visit him in the years ahead, but more as his place of retreat where prayer, study and preparation for the pulpit occupied the best part of the hours of each day. Mornings and often afternoons as well, were spent in the study, and though he did not work there after supper (about 8 p.m.) there would always be a book in his hands as he sat with Mrs Lloyd-Jones in the living room later in the evening. (9/154) Here, Billy could "recharge his batteries," reveling in the woodland sights and sounds and the superb view in the North Carolina mountain air. The study - designed by a friend in Greensboro, prefabricated by his firm, and shipped to Montreat - was so placed that no one needed to quiet the children and their friends when their dad was working. (11/86) 2. THE HOURS 2.1 I have now come to begin my labours in Jedburgh. I resolve in the strength of the Lord to rise at six oclock at least and to read morning and evening, not only my Bible carefully, but also some biographical notices and some practical works, and O may the spirit of prayer to be given me every day, and the gifts of the Spirit. (12/30) In order to the successful prosecution of such a course of study, and the attainment of a high intellectual discipline, the clergyman must rigorously observe hours of study. His mornings must be seasons of severe application. By proper arrangements, the time from eight to one may be a period of uninterrupted devotion to literary toil. Of these five hours, two may be devoted to books, and three to sermonizing ; or, in the outset, one hour to books and four to sermonizing. Supposing that no more than six hours are devoted to pure study in a week, even this, in the course of twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty years, would carry the clergyman over a very wide field of investigation, and carry him thoroughly. But, as he advances in this course, he will find his mind strengthening, his faculties becoming more manageable, and his resources more ample ; so that after ten, perhaps five, years have elapsed, the two hours are sufficient for sermonizing, and the three may be devoted to study. (17/ 322) Let there be in the study no idleness, no reverie, and no reading outside of the prescribed circle. Let the mind begin to work as soon as the door is shut, and let it not cease until the clock strikes the appointed hour; they stop study, and stop composition, and devote the remainder of the day to parochial labours, the amenities of life, and the relaxation of lighter literature. (17, 323) If we have been set apart by God's people to give all our time to shepherding and teaching, it is imperative, where possible, to devote our mornings to study. There may be exceptions, but it remains the general rule. Men whom God has conspicuously used have found this to be the case, and we are wise to learn from their experience. J. H. Jowett accepted an invitation to minister in New York at Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church - later he was to be minister at Westminster Chapel in London. Sharing his plans with a friend, he wrote, `I am learning to resist almost every hour of the day the tremendous forces that would push me here and there. I do not know what time ministers here spend in their studies. They are evidently engaged in a hundred outside works which must leave them very little time to prepare their message. I am going to stand steadily against this pressure, even at the cost of being misunderstood. When I get into my own home I shall allow nothing to interfere with my morning in the study. If the pulpit is to be occupied by men with a message worth hearing we must have the time to prepare it. I feel the preaching of the Word of God is incomparably my first work in New York.' (A. Porritt: John Henry Jowett, Hodder and Stoughton, p. 146) Dr. W.E. Sangster held the same conviction: `The man who jealously guards his morning hours for deep study, and study which centers in God's Book; who lets it be known to his people that, while he is available at any hour of day or night for the dying (and other needs which brook no delay) he expects to be left undisturbed in his pulpit preparation until lunch-time; who uses these fenced hours, first for praying, then for brooding on the Bible and for the flinty kind of thinking which will enable him to go twice a Sunday to his pulpit and really feed his people from the word of God - that man will not lack his reward. `I do not say that the multitudes will crowd to hear him - though they might. I do say that an expectation will grow among his people for the word he has to give, and that not only will the expectation grow but, if they never become a multitude, the numbers will grow as well. (From Power in Preaching, quoted by Paul Sangster in Dr Sangster, Epworth, p.277f) (20/91,92) So anxious was the pious Richard Baxter to have time for study, that when some visitors who had sat a while said to him, "We are afraid, sir, that we break in upon your time;" he replied, " To be sure you do." (21/70) Study outside the study: That he spent his all too scarce leisure moments reading is evident from the passages in the journal he kept during his voyages to and from England, during which he finished reading several books." Furthermore, like John Wesley, he was able to read while traveling by horseback." (13/105) 3. THE BIBLE 3.1 Before I was converted I used to read the bible every day but I did not begin to understand it. After I received Jesus Christ as my Saviour and Lord, one of the first ways in which I knew that something had happened to me was that the Bible became a new book. As I read it God began to speak to me; verses became luminous, phosphorescent. It was as if I heard the very Word of God through the Scriptures. (4/99) 3.2 Dad's mind was so full of Scripture-he spent quite a lot of time memorizing his Bible in both English and French-that not infrequently he addressed us in biblical quotations, even when they were, strictly speaking, out of context. The text itself had become the stuff of his verbal apparatus, with the result that this was the language he naturally deployed when he had something to say. (1/73) I am to begin today the practice of learning a little of the Bible by heart every morning before breakfast. (12/15) 3.3 The necessity of constant study for the work f the ministry remained one of Dr Lloyd-Jones deepest convictions and was one of the main features of his own daily living. Next to his Bible it was probably Jonathan Edwards Works which provided the greatest stimulus to him at this date. (9/253) 3.4 I have now come to begin my labour in Jedburgh. I resolve in the strength of the Lord to rise at six oclock at least, and to read morning and evening, not only my Bible carefully, but also some biographical notices and some practical works, and O may the spirit of prayer be given me every day, and the gifts of the Spirit. (12/32) To know Gods Work requires that person spend time in the Word. That means that the pastor must spend large blocks of his time in the study. To apply Gods Word requires that the pastor spend adequate time with his people, getting to know them, and their needs, so that his application of the Word will scratch them where they itch. What then, is the proper amount of time a pastor should spend in his study? There is no one answer. The optimum amount of time will differ according to several variables: the number of messages the pastor is required to prepare for his congregation each week, his reading speed, his degree of imagination and creativity, and the extent to which he has human or computer assistance to uncover information. (19/32) But in this matter of the knowledge of human nature, you will also gain much advantage from the study of the biographies which the Word of God contains. The history of the first temptation is repeated in every enticement to sin still, and the weaknesses even of such men as Abraham and Moses, Aaron and Elijah, Peter and Thomas, are continually reappearing among ourselves. Everywhere we may find those who, like Balaam, " love the wages of unrighteousness," while they seek to obey the letter of the divine precept. (21/40) But why need I enumerate individual instances ? You will find in the characters described in the Bible representatives of every phase of human nature presently existing among ourselves, and so, if you wish to furnish yourselves fully for dealing with men in the momentous matter of the salvation of their souls, you will study well the portrait gallery of the Book of God. Let each biography here be to you a matter of separate analysis, and let each character be regarded by you as the type of a class, specimens of which you are sure to meet with in your after lives. This will prepare you for the actual work of the ministry, not only by suggesting to you fruitful themes for your public discourses, but also by familiarizing you with the doublings and deceitfulnesses of that human heart, with which, as the preachers of the Gospel, you will have especially to do. In this department, also, you may be greatly benefited by the diligent study of the characters which are described in human literature. The pages of history will give you ample materials for coming to a decision as to the motives by which men in general. (21/41) 4. BOOKS 4.1 Whatever answer we may give, the question underlines the importance of books. Books play a vital part in study. They are necessary equipment for ministry. Time for reading is so valuable that it is imperative to use it well, and not to waste it upon material that is ephemeral. We should read books that will exercise our minds and stretch our mental powers. It is better to get stuck into a book of solid worth that will take a month to read than two or three insubstantial paperbacks. Rather than being daunted by the growing pile of new books we have acquired, we should recognise that if we devote just half-an-hour a day to reading we will accomplish a tremendous amount in a year. Our starting point must be books which help us to get to grips with the text, such as Hebrew and Greek Lexicons, Bible dictionaries, and Theological Word-Books. Second, we need to give priority to obtaining single volume commentaries on all the Bible books, starting with those we are currently studying with our people. Third, we need to build up a basic library of books dealing with the doctrines of the faith, beginning with a book of systematic theology. If we know one book of systematic theology well, we are able to check the interpretation we give of any verse or passage in relation to the teaching of the whole Bible. Fourth, we need to know the Christian classics, the books that have proved themselves and made an impact upon Christians over a long period of time. Fifth, we need books which deal with the practicalities of the Christian faith - Christian ethics and conduct, missions and evangelism. Sixth, we need to read Christian biographies, for besides stimulating faith, they illustrate from human experience so many of the truths we teach. Finally, we need to read secular books which stretch our minds and keep us in touch with contemporary life and thought. The ministry of God's Word requires a well-furnished mind, and we should neglect no field of knowledge. There is a place, for instance, for reading the editorial of our daily newspaper, and asking ourselves what the Christian response or attitude is to the subject under discussion., (20/98,99) 4.2 In the course of his reading it was Dr Lloyd-Jones habit to make very few notes. He relied largely upon his memory. Because he had already made up his mind that he was not going to be a writer, he made no attempt to build up stock of references for subsequent literary use. I have always believed, he once said, that the business of reading is to make one think, to stimulate; the idea of obtaining quotations was almost repulsive to me. (9/157, 174) 4.3 Tried this morning specially to pray against idols in the shape of my books and studies. These encroach upon my direct communion with God, and need to be watched. (12/143) There is considerable tension for most shepherds and teachers in giving appropriate time to preparation for ministry and the time they feel they ought to give to general reading and study. It is the tension of always having in view the next address or sermon to be given so that that there is little or no time left for study and reading apart from what is necessary to prepare for the immediate preaching responsibility. I confess that sometimes I have fallen into the snare of feeling sorry for myself in this. But I hope that I have learned better now, since self-pity is always out of place. This 'hand-to-mouth' experience has one invaluable benefit - it means that our approach has the potential of consistent freshness since we always have to break new ground, something which is an incalculable benefit both to our hearers and ourselves. While we may not be able to study other areas of Scripture and read books unrelated to the subject in hand, if we are systematic in our preaching, our study and reading will be increasingly comprehensive over a period of years - and almost unconsciously so. There is no better way of grasping Christian doctrine than extended study of the whole of Scripture. (20/94) I agree with Martyn Lloyd-Jones that the fight to find time to read is a fight for ones life. Let your wife or anyone else take messages for you, and inform the people who are telephoning that you are not available One literally has to fight for ones life in this sense! (23/65) Most of our people have no idea what two or three new messages a week cost us in terms of intellectual and spiritual drain. Not to mention the depletions of family pain, church decisions, and imponderable theological and moral dilemmas. I, for one, am not a self-replenishing spring. My bucket leaks, even when it is not pouring. My spirit does not revive on the run. Without time of unhurried reading and reflection, beyond the press of sermon preparation, my soul shrinks, and the specter of ministerial death rises. Few things frighten me more than the beginnings of barrenness that come from frenzied activity with little spiritual food and meditation. The great pressure on us today is to be productive managers. But the need of the church is for prayerful, spiritual poets. I don't mean (necessarily) pastors who write poems. I mean pastors who feel the weight and glory of eternal reality even in the midst of a business meeting; who carry in their soul such a sense of God that they provide, by their very presence, a constant life-giving reorientation on the infinite God. For your own soul and for the life of your church, fight for time to feed your soul with rich reading. Almost all the forces in our culture are trivializing. If you want to stay alive to what is great and glorious and beautiful and eternal, you will have to fight for time to look through the eyes of others who were in touch with God. Here are a few suggestions that have helped me. We think we don't have time to read. We despair of reading anything spiritually rich and substantial because life seems to be lived in snatches. One of the most helpful discoveries I have made is how much can be read in disciplined blocks of twenty minutes a day. Suppose that you read slowly, say about 250 words a minute (as I do). This means that in twenty minutes you can read about five thousand words. An average book has about four hundred words to a page. So you could read about twelve-and-a-half pages in twenty minutes. Suppose you discipline yourself to read a certain author or topic twenty minutes a day, six days a week, for a year. That would be 312 times 12.5 pages for a total of 3,900 pages. Assume that an average book is 250 pages long. This means you could read fifteen books like that in one year. Or take a longer classic like John Calvin's Institutes (fifteen hundred pages in the Westminster edition). At twenty minutes a day and 250 words a minute and six days a week, you could finish it in twenty-five weeks. Then Augustine's The City of God and B. B. Warfield's Inspiration and Authority of the Bible could be finished before year's end. This astonishing discovery freed me from the paralysis of not starting great, mind-shaping, heart-enriching books because I lacked enough big blocks of time. It turns out that I don't need long periods of time in order to read three masterpieces in one year! I needed twenty minutes a day, six days a week. Several other thoughts made the discovery even more exciting. Is it too hard to imagine disciplining yourself to set aside twenty minutes early in the morning, twenty minutes after lunch, and twenty minutes before you go to bed to read on various topics for your soul and mind? If not, then think what you could read! Thirty-six medium-sized books! John Stott says that an hour a day is an "absolute minimum for time for study which even the busiest pastors should be able to manage." Many will achieve more. But the minimum would amount to this: every day at least one hour; every week one morning, afternoon or evening; every month a full day; every year a week. Set out like this, it sounds very little. Indeed, it is too little. Yet everybody who tries it is surprised to discover how much reading can be done within such a disciplined framework. It tots up to nearly six hundred hours in the course of a year (23/66,67) 4.4 I agree with Spurgeon: "A student will find that his mental constitution is more affected by one book thoroughly mastered than by twenty books which he has merely skimmed, lapping at them."3 God save us from the allurement of "keeping up with Pastor Jones" by superficial skimming. Forget about "keeping up." It only feeds pride and breeds spiritual barrenness. Instead devote yourself to boring in and going deep. There is so much soul-refreshing, heart-deepening, mind-enlarging truth to be had from great books! Your people will know if you are walking with the giants (as Warren Wiersbe says or watching television. (23/68) Now this seems to me topsy-turvy. Naturally, since I myself am a writer, I do not wish the ordinary reader to read no modern books. But if he must read only the new or only the old, I would advise him to read the old.... It is a good rule, after reading a new book, never to allow yourself another new one till you have read an old one in between. If that is too much for you, you should at least read one old one to every three new ones.... We all ... need the books that will correct the characteristic mistakes of our own period. (23/69) 5. DOCTRINE 5.1 Now every one of you children should know the Shorter Catechism from the beginning to the end without a mistake by this age. Now thats without joking at all. At the age of twelve you ought to know the Shorter Catechism from the beginning to the end without even making one mistake. You dont know what you are missing! Get down to learning it, if you havent already learned it! It will not only give you the more perfect human compendium of Christian. (5/51) 6. HISTORY 6.1 A glance backwards over the story of the Gospel in the New Hebrides may help to bring my readers in touch with the events that are to follow, The ever-famous names of Williams and Harris are associated with the earliest efforts to introduce Christianity amongst this group of islands in the South Pacific Seas. John Williams and his young Missionary companion Harris, under the auspices of the London Missionary Society, landed on Erromanga on the 30th of November, 1839. Alas! Within a few minutes of their touching land, both clubbed to death; the savages proceeded to cook and feast upon their bodies. Thus were the New Hebrides baptized with the whole Christian would Christ thereby told the whole Christian world that He claimed these Islands as His own. His cross must yet be lifted up, where the blood of His saints has been poured forth in His name! The poor Heathen knew not that they had slain their best friends; but tears and prayers ascended for them from all Christian souls, wherever the story of the martyrdom on Erromanga was read or heard. (6/75) 6.2 The Bible was ever central in the Brotherhood meetings, but after their first outing to Llangeitho in 1927, church history became an increasing interest among the men. In the succeeding years practically all the major places of spiritual interest on South, West and Mid-Wales were to be visited, including Trevecca, Llandovery and parts of Pembrokeshire (scenes associated with the eighteenth-century leaders, Howell Harris, William Williams and Howell Davies respectively). These trips were always concluded with an address related to what they had seen and with advice on books which would supply more information. (9/231) 7. BIOGRAPHIES There was also a season in my pastoral ministry when I was greatly encouraged in my work by Warrne Wiersbes Walking with the Giants and Listening to the Giants. The main reason these collections of min-biographies have been helpful is that they showed diversity of pastoral styles God has chosen to bless. There have been great and fruitful pastors whose preaching patterns, visitation habits, and personalities were so different that all of us may take courage. (23/92) 8. LANGUAGES 8. 1 And of my heart the secret groans not hidden are from thee. Now his desires were satisfied and his spirit was filled, as it could not be on earth with holy and adoring amazement at the condescensions of love and grace. The Funereal took place on Tuesday, 13 May is described by the Rev. Kenneth J. Macleay of Beauly. (5/93) 8. 2 The Hebrew and Greek Testaments were his constant study, and he used to ask young ministers when they came to see him, Do you still keep up your Greek and Hebrew? If they hesitated or said no he would say, Read one verse in Greek and Hebrew every day and you will be surprised how it will help you, He remembered in his student days as stirring others up to a proper study of Hebrew, and no other student of his time had an equal talent of languages. He was remarkable for his diligence and improvement of time and for his indomitable energy. (12/481) 9. SERMONS 9. 1 In his judgment, this degree of time given to the preparation of his own mind and spirit was not a matter of mere preference but an absolute necessity for an effective ministry. Many years later he was to assery: You will always find that the men whole God has used signally hve been those who have srudied most, known their scriptures best, and given time to preparation . Again, I am convinced a pastor must nourish his mind, it cannot be too well stocked. He settled principle was that nothing must interfere with preparation for the pulpit. From the outset tgat was a practical necessity, for the four sermons preached and Sandfields, before her Induction as a pastor, had exhausted his supply. Even on their honeymoon some time was given to the preparation of the sermons which would soon be required of him so regularly. (9/154) Billy prepares sermons and speeches with exceptional thoroughness. A voracious reader, especially of biography, history, and current affairs, he cultivated a nearly photographic memory for the printed word and could assimilate a page swiftly, whether newspaper (subscriber to many) or book. Ruth extends his range, being an even more dedicated bookworm, distilling for him her browsing in C. S. Lewis, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Blaise Pascal, G. K. Chesterton, George MacDonald, and much more: poetry, literature, theology, Bible studies, and other areas. As they lay in bed at night, she would tell him what she was reading during the day. The humorous stories with which he delighted audiences before turning to serious matters were often provided by Grady Wilson who found that Billy, for all his great sense of humor, could be slow to catch the point. In addition, two or three of his staff, including associate evangelists, produce facts, stories, news items, statistics, and so on. Billy then turns this raw material into his own product, dictating, rewriting, digesting. He likes the quip that to borrow from one writer is plagiarism, but from many writers is research - saying that in this sense, he is a great researcher. Billy could use an assistant's words in articles or his newspaper column, but he says, "I have never been able to find anyone who could write for me in speaking. The sentences must be extremely brief, paragraphs brief and extremely simple. The average American has a working vocabulary of 600 words; the average clergyman has a vocabulary of 5,000 words. As I have grown older I have had to study to be simple." (11/140, 141) 9.2 Initially at Aberavon he attempted to write both sermons for Sunday in full an average of nine, ten or more pages, closely written on both sides. The reason for the full manuscript was not a concern for a literary form, still less for something to read in the pulpit, it was rather to be sure that he was clear in the substance of his message. He believed that a preacher should know what he was going to say from the beginning to the end. Within weeks however, he found it impossible to write two sermons in full and thus settled habit for many years became to write one sermon fully, and the other though he thought it out in detail only to record in outline. (9/154) 9.3 In his judgment, the evening sermons (which wrer more specifically intended for non-Christians) were the hardest to prepare; it was therefore generally these which were written in full. Once or twice when, relying on his feeling for a text, he preached with an inadequately thought-out plan, and failed miserably. Generally his experience concurred with that of Henry Rees, one of the Methodist fathers who, when asked which of his sermons had been most honoured of God, replied, The ones I prepared most carefully. The Spirit generally uses a mans best preparation. It is not the Spirit or preparation: it is preparation plus the unction and the anointing and that which the Holy Spirit alone can supply, The Christian Soldier, Exceptions to this will be noted subsequently. With respect to his habit of writing sermons see Preaching and Preachers, where he says; I believe that one should be unusually careful in evangelistic sermons. That is why the idea that a fellow who is merely gifted with a certain amount of glibness if speech and self-confidence, and not to say cheek, can make an evangelist is all wrong. The greatest men should always be the evangelists. (9/155+footnote) 9.4 The one thing which he never failed to write down was any suggestion for a future sermon which came to him in the course of reading. He would record the idea at once in skeleton form and in this way was constantly accumulating a little pile of skeletons. No preacher, he believed, should be frantic on a Saturday with no texts or sermons for the Sunday, and trying desperately to get hold of something. (9/157) 9.5 I find Toplady speaking more than once of Saturday assurances; the refreshing he got in prayer and study, or in regard to help next day. I think I can say same. (12/162) 9.6 Yesterday was tempted to spend much time and then some intervals of study in a pursuit that did not bear upon the duties of this day, and so I awoke in a state of great uncertainty as to what I should preach I feel as if I had not got my subject from the Lord. This whole matter has led me to search my feelings toward my people, and I have discovered that I do not sufficiently thing of them individually and pray for them; nor do I feel sufficiently interested in the cases that occur: Lord, give a larger heart and a holier to me. (12/191-193) 10. WRITING 10.1 But the relative quietness at Chestnut Hill was not without its advantages to John Murray, and a considerable amount of written work was done both for the Westminster Theological Journal and for other publications. In 1941 he contributed three articles to the monthly Calvin Forum in an extended debate with Dr Albertus Pieters on the questions whether the Fourth Commandment is still part of the moral law, and in 1942 and 1943 the Presbyterian Guardian carried a series of articles from his pen on the Westminster Assembly. It was probably at this same period, the tercentenary of the meeting of the assembly in 1643, that he also prepared his extensive lectures on The Westminster Confession, which were subsequently taken by many students as an elective course. Certainly the season of summer at chestnut Hill, when quietness came to the Seminary and the campus grounds were in their full beauty, was his favourite time of year, and he capitalized on the long days, free from interruption, which he had been in Grand Rapids, where he had given lectures and preached twice, he describes his activities as follows. I am busy writing and studying and I enjoy the relief from other responsibilities. (5/48, 64, 71) 10.2 It remains to be said, on the subject of John Murrays influence, that it reached its widest scope and most enduring form in his published writings. These consisted, speaking generally, of two kinds of material. First, the shorter magazine articles, already mentioned, which were often compelling reading for Christians with no academic background. Probably his only published book, in this category is Redemption: Accomplished and Applied, the second half of which first appeared as articles in The Presbyterian Guardian. Second, there are the volumes that were not intended for popular reading but rather for the aid of serious students. In this group are the books which are originated as material in the Westminster Theology Journal: Christian Baptism, Divorce and The Imputation of Adams Si. Reviewing the last-named volumes in the Westminster Theology Journal, Henry J. Knight refers to a section in which Murray engages in a type of close reasoning which only an alert mind can follow. Here is a book that must be studied, not merely perused. It is a great work of a great theologian.. (5/83) It is certain that Davies received very little income from his writing, and he himself noted that the purpose of his verse, like his prose, was primarily to encourage people to seek salvation." (13/39) He insisted that the purpose of all literary composition, in whatever form, was to lure men from sin."(13/42) 10.3 At this point, it is important to notice how actively involved in theological journalism Packer had become. He was a regular contributor to the Church of England Newspaper, at a time when this was becoming a leading resource for encouraging the consolidation of evangelicalism within the national church. Several of Packer's publications at this time including Keep Yourself from Idols and The Thirty-nine Articles had their origins as articles in this journal. Packer was fully aware of the potential of his theological journalism as a means of engaging with the issues of the day, and also discerning what might emerge as significant in the future. (7/110-111). 10.4 Preparing my Commentary upon Levititcus for the press and getting to the conclusion of my corrections, I have been over-hasty in giving up to it too much time. Especially this morning, when I thought all this was over, the subject of the Urim and Thummim led me away for two hours. I fear my people will suffer for this neglect of their souls. It is a wasting of zeal upon things not immediately required. (12/118) Often I have wondered that I did not feel the temptations of Satan more frequently and plainly. But now I discover his plan. For a long time, indeed for many days to prevent my praying to any purpose. His temptations to me lie in the direction of putting half-lawful literature or literacy work before me, which I am led on to read at once, without having first of all fully met with God. In short, he succeeds in reversing in my case, Seek first the kingdom of God. Lord give me power to resist. Lord, from this day give me many victories where formerly I fell under him. The life of Henry Craik has helped me today in solemn meditation, fasting and prayer. In him I see how the Lord enabled one of His own to go on continually doing all for God, in studying, preaching, writing, keeping him abounding in prayer, and in meditation upon the Word. He was also enabled to live not before man but God, declining to do many things that might have been expected of him, because, if he occupied himself with them, he must neglect retirement, fellowship with God, and family duties. Now, I am apt to go wrong here. (12/225, 249) 10.5 The remarks which I have just made have prepared the way for the announcement of the next prerequisite to ministerial efficiency on which I would insist, namely, the free and constant use of the pen in the work of original composition. (21/61) 11. BLOGS/MAGAZINES 11.1 And especially must he be upon his guard against the great mass of periodical literature that is coming into existence, and dying as fast as it is born. Periodical literature, as a species, is the direct contrary of standard literature, and its influence upon education is directly antagonistic to that of true study. The nature of this class of mental products is analogous to that of one of the lowest grades of animal existence. The periodical -is like a polypus. The polyp propagates itself by sprouting and swelling like a vegetable. Cut a polyp into two halves, and these two halves complete themselves, and become two polypi. Cut each of these two into two, they become four perfect polypi ; and so the process goes on ad infinitum. And this is the process in periodical literature. A very slender idea or thought is bisected, and these parts are exhibited each as a complete whole, and the entire truth. These, again, are subdivided by another journalist, and re-exhibited. And thus the polyp process goes on, until a single idea, not very solid at the beginning, is made to propagate itself through page after page. One man writes a book, the whole of which does not contain a thousandth part of the truth that is to be found in some standard work. Another writes a review of this book,unless, perchance, to employ the comparison of Matthias Claudius, the hen reviews her own egg ; another writes a review of this review. And so the work goes bravely on, from month to month, and year to year. The true course for the clergyman, as well as for the student generally, is to devote no more attention to -the current and periodical literature of his age than is just sufficient to keep him acquainted with its tendencies and currents of thought and action, devoting himself, in the meanwhile, to those standard products which are for all time, and from which alone he can derive true intellectual aliment and strength. (17/324) 12. PEOPLE 12.1 Another prerequisite to success in the pulpit is a good Knowledge of the human heart. The physician must understand, not merely the nature of the remedies which he is to employ, but also the symptoms and workings of the diseases which he desires to cure. He must " walk the hospitals" as well as study the pharmacopeia. Now, the gospel is a remedial measure, and therefore it is essential that its preachers. should be acquainted with the nature of man, as well as with the means which, as the instrument in the hands of God's spirit, he is to use for its transformation and renewal. Hence, he who wishes to become an efficient minister, will be a diligent student of men. Begin here with yourselves ; for " as face answereth to face in a glass, so doth the heart of man to man." There are distinctive peculiarities, indeed, in each individual, but in their great outstanding characteristics, men everywhere are very much alike. Therefore you may safely take it for granted, that what you find in your own hearts, exists also in those of others. (21/25,36) But while you avail yourselves of all these means of acquiring knowledge of human nature, do not forget to mingle much among men themselves. Keep your eyes and ears open wherever you arc, whether in the streets, or in the cars, in the exchange, in the stores, or in the household, and be closely observant of everything which indicates or illustrates character. Seek to become acquainted with persons in every profession and pursuit, and study especially the temptations to which they are most open, and the weaknesses which they most commonly manifest in their ordinary avocations. (21/44) On my way to the pulpit, and as a means of self-help, I spent a year in the editorial chair of a newspaper ; and I question if any of my college classes was more valuable to me, so far as my after life-work has been concerned, than the experience of dealing with men which I then obtained. If anybody wants to know human nature, all round, within and without, and through and through, let him be for a time the editor of a newspaper ! and if, as was the case with me, a contested election should happen to occur during his term of office, he will have ample opportunity of studying every variety of character! I was helped in this department also, by some time devoted to public teaching, a work in which the monotony of the class was varied by watching the peculiarities of the children, and sometimes, too, by the opportunity it gave of insight into the petty ambitions and schemings of the parents. And though these observations were made in another land, I have not found that human nature in New York is different from that which manifests itself in Scotland. My advice to you in this matter, then, my young brethren, is that you should avail yourselves of every opportunity which offers itself, in your various engagements, for the study of your fellow-men. Be always taking notes, without seeming to do so, and let the results of your observations shape your public discourses. It makes little or no difference how you acquire it ; only somehow get a knowledge of your fellows, so that when you preach to them, you shall not seem to them like " one who beateth the air," but may speak as one who knows the difficulties with which they have to contend, and the dangers by which they are environed. " When I listen to some preachers," said a ship-builder on the Tyne once, to a minister of my acquaintance, " I can build a whole. (21/46,47) For I do not think that merchants, or indeed, for that matter, any class of busy, struggling men or women, receive nearly as much sympathy, encouragement, or assistance from the pulpit as they ought. The discourses they hear may be good enough as theological discussions, or as moral essays, or as beautiful illustrations of some little facet of truth, but they do not, nearly so often as they should, touch the inner histories and experiences of men, living as we are doing now, and the reason is because the preacher is too frequently a respectable recluse, knowing little or nothing of the battle which human souls are daily fighting, in their homes, in the streets, or in their stores. Study men, therefore. Find out the " weights" by which they are hindered in their daily race, and the dangers to which they are most liable. Then preach so that the wave of your speech shall flow into their hearts and lift them up above the sandbanks on which the work of the week had left them stranded, and you will never be without their attention. (21/48) 12.2 Thus alike in the matter of warning and in that of consolation, you will find that a strict watch over your own hearts and histories will give you signal power. The conflict with, and conquest over, one single bosom sin, will give you here an influence which you will seek in vain from any other quarter. Peter could never have written his first Epistle, which is so full of comfort to them who are in heaviness through manifold temptations," if he had not himself known what it was to hang through days of darkness on the memory of his Master's loving look. And those are ever the most effective preachers to others who are speaking from their knowledge of their own hearts. (21/27) 13. ADMINISTRATION: 13.1 "Because of his many labors in the colonization, Scholte appeared very rarely at the Consistory meetings."Note should be taken of these facts, because they show Scholte's indifference to organization. It is the other elders who want more system. He conceded, in line with his principles, that the church should be able to run itself without his constant presence at the meetings. (8/166) 13.2 Naturally, the new pastor at Sandfields had no experience or instruction in the running of a church. He recalled that when Peter Hughes Griffiths had appointed his Superintendent of the Sunday school at Charing Cross chapel he had told him that the secret of success in all affairs connected with church life was that the minister should not be immersed in petty details and routine and should be concerned only with the larger strategy. That was all very well; but there were many practical matters, ranging from the conduct of weddings to presbytery responsibilities, upon which he needed help. (9/157) 13.3 Billy never found it easy to discriminate between claims on his time. He grew increasingly impatient with administrative responsibilities, yet he knew they were a key to wider usefulness. (11/144) 13.4 At the beginning of his ministry Dr. Bonar said in one of his letters: This is a time that seems to require prayer more than preaching even, at least so I often feel. And persevering prayerfulness day by day wrestling and pleading is harder for the flesh than preaching; As years passed the main business of every day to him was prayer, and latterly, when overwhelmed by work, visits, letters, interruptions, engagements of every kind, it was his rule to devote two hours every day, before going out, to prayer and meditation on Godd Word, When the settlement of his colleague, Mr. MIntrye, in 18991, had relieved him of some of his former duties, his Sabbath evening were spent in prayer in his study. A card hung on one side of his mantelpiece on which were printedthe words, Dimidium studii qui rtie precatur habet, he who is has truly prayed had completed the half of his study. Early visitors to his study in India Street were familiar with the sight of his figure standing at his desk writing letters, as was his habit always after breakfast. In the afternoon he visited regularly from one oclock till nearly five, and every evening was filled up with a meeting of some kind, Friday and Saturday were kept as days of preparation for Sabbath, and no visitor was admitted to his study on Saturday unless his errand were of great importance. One who had much intercourse with in work had occasion to call a Friday afternoon when he was busy with his preparation for the pulpit. He appeared like one lost to himself in communion with God, and the visitor left, feeling overawed. Like John Bunyan in his dream, he had seen a man with his eyes lifted to heaven, the best books in his hand, the law of truth written upon his lips, and the world behind his back. His study-hours during the week were constantly interrupted, and it was sometimes difficult to see how preparation for his many meetings and classes was ever accomplished. There were many coming going and they had no leisure so much as to eat, was sometimes literally true in his experience. Yet he never went to his own pulpit or to a meeting unprepared, and he spoke often to the necessity of first receiving a blessing ourselves from the subject to be spoken of, before giving put to others. (12/267-268) 13.5 Amid the pressures, John Stott devised a number if expedients to support him in his ministry. The first was simple but far-reaching: the regular setting aside of time, away from colleagues, desk and telephone to think and plan ahead; and in an unhurried atmosphere of prayer to devise strategies, to prepare courses of addresses, to plan his diary, and by this means to remain in control of a fast-moving future programme. So crucial was this simple stratagem that, looking back over his ministry at the age of seventy, he listed L. F. E, Wilkinson among a list of seven people who have influenced me, alongside his parents, Robbie Bickersteth, Bash and Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones. He had heard Wilkinson speaking at conference. (4/260) 13.6 Every effective teacher of the Word develops his own ways of retaining information and benefiting from what he studies. We invariably study and discover far more in preparing a sermon or address than we actually use in delivering it. It is imperative that we retain and conserve anything which maybe helpful in future ministry. I have profited by discussing this with others, and as I share my method It is not to suggest that others should copy it. Rather the hope is that my approach may spark off ideas for a different and better approach but with the end result that the fruits of study are put to the best use. I began with a Biblical index, and then extended it into a Subject index - and I use the second even more than the first. In my scheme I have a separate card for each chapter of the Bible. It is not necessary to write out all the cards beforehand but simply to produce them as there is information to record for any chapter. Take, for example, Philippians 1:6. If I find an interesting comment on that text, or some illustration of the way in which God continues His good work in Christians, I list it on my Philippians I card as follows: Philippians 1:6. See A.N. Other: A helpful book, p.100. Let us imagine that my illustration of God's continuing work in believers relates to God's faithfulness, I then also list it under that heading: FAITHFULNESS, GOD'S: An illustration-of God's faithfulness in His good work in us. See A.N. Other: A Helpful Book, p.100, Here the subject index comes into its own because Philippians 1:6 also describes what happens at new birth, and so I also list my comment and illustration in my Subject index under NEW BIRTH. The value of this is that while my concordance would not lead me to Philippians 1:6 on the subject of new birth, my index does. While reading a commentary we will often find our minds latching on to some new understanding of truth that does not have immediate relevance to our subject in hand. If we do not record it we are almost certain to lose it - either by forgetfulness or by not remembering where we read it. An indexing system solves this difficulty and proves increasingly valuable. I have found it a mistake to try to put the information on to my cards as I read since that slows down study and concentration. I find it better to jot the notes down on scraps of paper, and then transfer them to my index later. (20/99,100) 14. OUTSIDE INTERESTS 14.1 Scholte had not always been a negligent pastor. He began as one who had not time to waste on "feeding beasts instead of souls."' In losing favor, he had lost interest. His personal property needed attention. The poor must be served. The colony could not function without some leader. He must help establish Pella. The principles of an unpaid ministry had freed him to give his heart to making a "living." Conveniently, all elders could now preach and his responsibility had been reduced. And thus the road of good intentions and dubious principles led to sad results. In the colony, he became President of the group, Justice of Peace, School Director and United States Commissioner. Soon he was realtor, banker, editor of the Gazette, lawyer, insurance agent and politician. He made a modest fortune and managed to keep it through the panic of 1857, no small business feat. (8/183) 14.2 The inheritance, which had afforded independence and comfort, became increasingly a worry and a shackle to bind him to worldly affairs. (8/131) 15. THE BODY 15.1 Another imperfection in Mr Brainerd, which may be observed in the following account of his life, was his being excessive in his labours; not taking due care to proportion his fatigues to his strength. Indeed the case was very often such, by the seeming call of Providence, as made it extremely difficult for him to avoid doing more than his strength would well admit of; yea, his circumstances and the business of his mission among the Indians were such, that great fatigues and hardship were altogether inevitable. However, he was finally convinced, that he had erred in this matter, and that he ought to have taken more thorough care, and been more resolute to withstand temptations to such degrees of labour as injured his health ; and according warned his brother, who succeeds him in his mission, to be careful to avoid this error. (10/50) Sometime in August following, I became so weakly and disordered, by too close application to my studies, that I was advised by my tutor to go home, and disengage my mind from study, as much as I could; for I was grown so weak, that I began to spit blood. I took his advice, and endeavoured to lay aside my studies. (10/72) Much out of health exceedingly depressed in my soul, and at an awful distance from God. Exceeding infirm in body, exercised with much pain. (10/97, 101) He used his spare moments in the same manner he had used them in Virginia, for his own self-improvement. It was reported that he often worked in his study until the early hours of the morning, yet always arose at five when the horn sounded to awaken the students." It was this habit, coupled with the continuous confinement of his office, that weakened his already precarious health. (13/180) A friend of mine was one of three ministers simultaneously in a Glasgow hospital ward recovering from heart attacks. All agreed that what had put them there had been largely administrative. The excessive amount of work to be done, and the resultant chaotic desk, had ended up paralysing their use of time. The guilt they felt, had led to pastoral visiting of a quality that they knew didn't minister to people. The stress had produced loss of sleep, overeating, hypertension and finally myocardial infarction. They were lucky to be alive. In his or her lifetime the average western professional will spend three years in wasteful meetings, four years being interrupted, five years waiting in queues, six years eating and seven years in the bathroom. One year is spent looking for things, eight months spent opening advertising mail and six months waiting at red lights.' (26/206) Not that all the problem lies outside us. The pastor John Ortberg writes perceptively of sloth, 'the last taboo' Sloth is not doing nothing; it is the failure to do what should be done when it needs to be done, 'like the Kamikaze pilot who flew seventeen missions'. Some workaholics can be guilty of it. A human sloth avoids the unpleasant task, lets things run their course, allows the daily pressures to push aside planning. Ortberg suggests ways of diagnosing the presence of laziness; but before I list them, I would want to add that genuine burnout paints a similar picture. If, therefore, the result of reading the list is severe nausea and dizziness, move right on to the next chapter. Ortberg watches for tell-tale signs. His desk and office get messier, he runs late, he stops doing things his wife appreciates ('say, keeping the grass under three feet high') yet has energy for that game of basketball, there is little time for celebration. He experiences 'an odd combination of hurry and wastefulness. I rush in the morning, telling my wife I have no time for breakfast, no time to see the kids off to school; too much to do. Later in the morning, I read the sports section or make an unnecessary phone call. (26/207) 16. THE MOTIVES 16.1 It would be foolish not to recognise that there are dangers in study. It can become an end in itself. We can study with the wrong motivation. John Owen, the Puritan theologian, admitted with a sense of shame in later life that one of the reasons he studied so hard as a young man was an ambition he had to rise to power and distinction in the Church. David Brainerd, an early missionary to the North American Indians, found that study could feed his pride. When on one occasion he found opportunities for study much more difficult to find than before, he concluded, 'The reason, I judge, why I am not allowed to study a great part of my time is, because I am endeavouring to lay in such a stock of knowledge as shall nourish self-sufficiency.' Certain as David Brainerd was that it was his duty to study and qualify himself in the best manner he could for his duties, he was conscious that study all too easily made him self-confident. The energies of our enemy, Satan, are always directed at making a bad thing of a good thing, and that applies to study as to everything else. To be aware of the dangers is a first step in combating them. Ezra's ministry was successful, and the manner in which it is summed up is instructive: 'The good hand of his God was on him. For Ezra had devoted himself to the study and observance of the Law of the Lord, and to teaching its decrees and laws in Israel' (Ezra 7:9,10). Ezra's devotion to study is clearly commended in this statement. We know from the Old Testament book that bears his name that many practical and urgent matters demanded his attention, but he nevertheless gave the proper priority to study. More than that he observed the right order of things: study, followed by personal obedience, leading to effective teaching of others. Before he instructed others in proper obedience about God's Word, he obeyed it himself. 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